If you want to understand why the City of Detroit badly needed a new hospital in 1859, all you have to do is take a quick look at the U.S. Census figures for that era. The numbers show that the Detroit population went through a startling growth-spurt during the 1850’s. During that single decade, the total number of city residents more than doubled, from 21,019 to 45,619. Having expanded from a smallish river settlement earlier in the century, Detroit was now the 19th-largest city in America. And when a vicious diphtheria epidemic struck in 1859, the need for a new hospital was all too evident, which is why two of the city’s wealthiest residents (merchants Walter Harper and Nancy Martin) in that year wound up donating more than 800 acres of land to build Harper Hospital. Slowed by bureaucratic delays and construction snafus, however, the new healing facility didn’t officially open its doors until 1863 – as a U.S. Army hospital for Union soldiers wounded in the Civil War.